Etiopien problem
The culture of Ethiopia is diverse and generally structured along ethnolinguistic lines. The country's Afro-Asiatic -speaking majority adhere to an amalgamation of traditions that were developed independently and through interaction with neighboring and far away civilizations, including other parts of Northeast Africa , the Arabian Peninsula , India , and Italy.
By contrast, the nation's Nilotic communities and other ethnolinguistic minorities tend to practice customs more closely linked with South Sudan or the African Great Lakes region. The music of Ethiopia is extremely diverse, with each of the country's ethnic groups being associated with their own sounds. Some forms of traditional music are strongly influenced by folk music from elsewhere in the Horn of Africa , especially Somalia.
In southeastern Ethiopia, in Wollo , a Muslim musical form called manzuma developed in In the North, traditional string instruments include the masenqo , a one-string bowed lute ; the krar also known as kirar , and a large ten-string lyre. The dita a five-string lyre and musical bows including an unusual three-string variant are among the chordophones found in the south.
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Also "kebero" a drum used by the religious group like the Orthodox's or other Christian religious group to praise what they believe in. The washint is a bamboo flute that is common throughout or in the highlands Central and North. Trumpet -like instruments include the ceremonial malakat used in some regions, and the holdudwa animal horn; compare shofar found mainly in the south.
Embilta flutes have no finger holes, and produce only two tones, the fundamental and a fourth or fifth interval. These may be metal generally found in the north or bamboo in the south. The Konso and other people in the south play fanta, or pan flutes. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Church , liturgical music employs the senasel, a sistrum.
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Additionally, the clergy will use prayer staffs, or maqwamiya , to maintain rhythm. Rural churches historically used a dawal , made from stone slabs or pieces of wood, in order to call the faithful to prayer. The Beta Israel use a small gong called a qachel as liturgical accompaniment, though qachel may also refer to a small bell. Metal leg rattles are common throughout the south.
The kebero ከበሮ is a large hand drum used in the Orthodox Christian liturgy.
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Smaller kebero drums may be used in secular celebrations. The nagarit ነጋሪት , played with a curved stick, is usually found in a secular context such as royal functions or the announcement of proclamations, though it has a liturgical function among the Beta Israel. The Gurage and other southern peoples commonly play the atamo , a small hand drum sometimes made of clay.
Ethiopia is a musically traditional country. Popular music is played, recorded and listened to, but most musicians also sing traditional songs, and most audiences choose to listen to both popular and traditional styles. A long-standing popular musical tradition in Ethiopia was that of brass bands, imported from Jerusalem in the form of forty Armenian orphans Arba Lijoch [ 3 ] during the reign of Haile Selassie.
This band, which arrived in Addis Ababa on 6 September , became the first official orchestra of Ethiopia. Most of these bands were trained by Europeans or Armenians.
Ethiopia’s education system is in crisis – now’s the time to
Perhaps the most influential musician of the period, however, was Ethio-jazz innovator Mulatu Astatke. Since , Buda Musique 's Éthiopiques series has compiled many of these singles and albums on compact disc. During the s, the Derg controlled Ethiopia, and emigration became almost impossible. He helped to popularize the use of Sem ena Worq wax and gold, a poetic form of double entendre in music previously only used in qiné, or poetry that often enabled singers to criticize the government without upsetting the censors.
Popular musicians from Ethiopia include internationally renowned and recognized artists such as the Los Angeles —area expatriate Aster Aweke , The Weeknd and Teddy Afro , who is often accredited with the fusion of Rastafarian styles into mainstream Ethiopian music. One of the biggest new trends, however, has been the rise of bolel , a sort of blues -like music, played by sarcastic azmari playing in parts of Addis Ababa, especially Yohannès Sefer and Kazentchis.
Neway was very popular among the youth of the s and early s with such songs as "Yetekemt Abeba," "Metekatun Ateye," "Safsaf," and "Gedam," among others. Abatte Barihun has exemplified all four main qenets on his album Ras Deshen.